What is COP30?

COP30 is the 30th United Nations Climate Change Conference (Conference of the Parties). It will be attended by heads of state, ministers, diplomats, UN representatives, scientists, business leaders, NGOs, activists and other members of civil society from more than 190 countries. It will take place from November 10 to 21, 2025 in the city of Belém, in the state of Pará, Brazil.

Following the principle of “common but differentiated responsibilities,” the regime recognizes the obligation that developed countries must lead efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and provide financial, technological, and training resources for mitigation and adaptation actions in developing countries. The regime is based on five pillars: mitigation, adaptation, finance, technology and training. In addition to these, other topics have gained prominence in the discussions, such as loss and damage, just transitions, gender, indigenous peoples, youth, agriculture and oceans.